Klassisch werden die Trugnattern
mit der Unterfamilie der (
Boiginae) in Verbindung
gebracht.
Angehörige
Gattungen waren z.b.
Ahaetulla, Boiga,ChrysopeleaNeuere
Untersuchungen belegen aber, dass diese Einteilung aufgrund der
Entwicklungsgeschichte nicht haltbar ist und deshalb revidiert
wird.
Vielmehr zeigen Untersuchungen, dass eine
Vielzahl von Nattern (
Colubridae) Gifte produzieren.
Die
meisten Gattungen und Arten sind aber nicht in der Lage, ersthafte
Vergiftungen auszulösen.
_________________
Introduction
The
history of development of fangs and venom glands, have long time a
mystery snakes.
Disposition of the 3 variants
of fangs
solenoglyph: fixed
tubular fangs in the anterior jaw
proteroglyph:
sulcular fangs in the anterior jaw
opistoglyph: sulcular
fangs in the posterior jaw
Historically,
only the Twig snake and Boomslang severe envenomations attributed. By the
middle of the 20
century were members of the
Colubridae
still considered to be harmless, until the known herpetologist Karl P.
Schmidt died after a bite of a Boomslang
(Dispholidus
typus).
The bird or twig snake
(Thelotornis capensis) is
responsible for the
death of the herpetologist Robert Mertens, who died after
bleeding.
In the last decades were also severe
envemomations
of
following species known (selection):
Rhabdophis
tigrinus, Boiga irregularis, Boiga dendrophila, Balanophis ceylonensis,
Macropisthodon flaviceps
The
german word "Trugnatter" is first mentioned in the "Oeconomische
Encyclopädie 1773 to 1858 "
sulcular
fang Boiga
irregularis
Historically,
these colubrids were associated with the subfamily of
Boiginae.
For example, the genera
Ahaetulla,
Boiga, Chrysopelea Recent studies
show,
however, that this classification because of the history of development
is not sustainable and therefore revised.
Rather
studies show that a large number of colubrids
(Colubridae)
produce
toxins.
Most genera and species are not able
to trigger severe envenomations.