malpolon (Hermann,
1804)
Bites of theses genus are not considered to be life-threatening. In Spain about 1 of 10 bites (M.monspessulanus) develop ptosis and dyspnoe. Once in a corner M.monspessulanus defends themself and bite quickly.
M. moilensis has been recorded to cause local effects. ( see BITE )
| Scutophis
moilensis (Brandstätter, 1995) |
|
| Malpolon monspessulanus
monspessulanus (Hermann, 1804) |
|
| Malpolon monspessulanus
saharatlanticus (Geniez, Cluchier & De Haan 2006) |
|
Malpolon insignitus fuscus (Fleischmann, 1831) |
|
| Malpolon insignitus
insignitus (Geoffroy De St-Hilaire 1809) |
|
Literature
[1] http://www.toxinology.com/White, J. and H. Persson. 1996. 32. Snakes. Pp. 757-802. In J. Descotes (editor), Human Toxicology. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam, 839 pp. List certain species Boiga, Dispholidus, Elapomorphus, Malpolon, Rhabdophis, Thelotornis, Tachymenis in Table 32.1 "Consolidated information...for all dangerous venomous snakes....";
Persson, H. 1995. Clinical toxicology of snakebite in Europe. Chap. 25, Pp. 413-432. In J. Meier and J. White (editors), Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 752 pp. Mentions Malpolon monspessulanus envenomation; notes bites Elaphe "not associated with significant envenoming."
Marsh, N. 1994. Inventory of haemorrhagic factors from snake venoms. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71(6):793-797. Lists Malpolon monspessulanus, Philodryas olfersii; notes haemorrhagic toxins typically do not produce clotting.
Marsh, N. A. 1994. Snake venoms affecting the haemostatic mechanism - a consideration of their mechanisms, practical applications and biological significance. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 5(3):399-410. Lists Dispholidus typus, Rhabdophis t. tigrinus, Thelotornis kirtlandi capensis direct activators (Group 1) of prothrombin; D. typus thrombin-like enzyme; Malpolon monspessulanus, Philodryas olfersii in separate group haemorrhagic venoms.
Newman, C. J. 1985. Notes on the bite of the Montpelier snake. The Vipera 1(8):35-39. Reports Malpolon monspessulanus bite - localized bleeding, radiating pain, swelling, muscle spasms, slight nausea; notes this species makes chewing motions when annoyed.
Gonzįlez, D. 1982. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of certain venomous animals of Spain. Toxicon 20(5):925-928. Reports bites Malpolon monspessulanus occasionally produce envenomation - "spreading oedema, local para-aesthesia...lymphangitis," etc. common, less frequently varying "symptoms of neurotoxicity."
H.I. Rosenberg, S. Kinamon, E. Kochva and A. Bdolah. The secretion of Duvernoy's gland of Malpolon monspessulanus induces hemorrhage in the lung of mice. Toxicon , 30 , 920-924, 1992.
Pommier, P.; de Haro, L. Envenomation by Montpellier snake (Malpolon monspessulanus) with
cranial nerve disturbances. Toxicon 2007, 50, 868–869
Gasperetti, J. 1988. Snakes of Arabia. Pp. 169-450. In: W. Buttiken and F. Krupp (editors), Fauna of Saudi Arabia, Vol. 9, National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Riyadh, 477 pp. Notes Malpolon moilensis, Psammophis schokari, Telescopus dhara poisonous, venom unknown potency; reports bite P. schokari lethal to lizard
Perry, G. 1988. Mild toxic effects resulting from the bites of Jan's desert racer, Coluber rhodorachis and Moila's snake, Malpolon moilensis (Ophidia: Colubridae). Toxicon 26(6):523-524. Reports C. rhodorachis bite - localized inflammation, edema, numbness, pain (diagnosed as infection?); M. moilensis bite - localized edema, numbness.
