philodryas (Wagler,
1830)
The genus Philodryas have caused fatalaties, because of the rear-fanged position most bites are asymptomatic.
Within this genus symptoms can vary , a bite of P. baroni is expected to be less dangerous than P.olfersii.A bite P.olfersii or P. patagoniensis are one in 30 - 50% of cases, pain can be expected as the main symptom, however in ~ 15% of cases, bleeding or erythema is caused. Less than 3% of patients develop systemic problems.
Approximately 30% have no symptoms. [1] [2]
| Philodryas
aestivus (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) |
Axel Kwet |
| Philodryas
arnaldoi (Amaral, 1932) |
|
| Philodryas
baroni (Berg, 1895) |
|
Philodryas chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1835) |
|
Philodryas cordata (Donnerly & Myers, 1991) |
|
Philodryas hoodensis (Van Denburg, 1912) |
|
| Philodryas
laticeps (Werner, 1900) |
|
Philodryas livida (Amaral, 1923) |
|
Philodryas mattogrossensis (Koslowsky, 1898) |
|
Philodryas nattereri (Steindachner, 1870) |
|
Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) |
|
| Philodryas
patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) |
|
| Philodryas
psammophidea (Günther, 1872) |
|
Philodryas simonsii (Boulenger, 1900) |
|
Philodryas tachymenoides (Schmidt & Walker, 1943) |
|
Philodryas trilineatus (Burmeister, 1861) |
|
Philodryas varia (Jan, 1863) |
|
Philodryas viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) |
|
Literature
KUCH, U. & JESBERGER, U. - Human envenomation from the bite of the South American colubrid snake species Philodryas baroni Berg, 1895. Snake, 25: 63-65, 1993.
Ribeiro, L. A., G. Puorto, and M. T. Jorge. 1999. Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas olfersii: a clinical and epidemiological study of 43 cases. Toxicon 37(6):943-948.
Prado-Franceschi, J., S. Hyslop, J. C. Cogo, A. L. Andrade, M. T. Assakura, A. P. Reichl, M. A. Cruz-Höfling, and L. Rodrigues-Simioni. 1998. Characterization of a myotoxin from the Duvernoy's gland secretion of the xenodontine colubrid Philodryas olfersii (green snake): effects on striated muscle and the neuromuscular junction. Toxicon 36(10):1407-1421.
Araújo, M. E. and A. C. dos Santos. 1997. Cases of human envenomation caused by Philodryas olfersii and Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 30(6):517-519.
[1] Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas olfersii: a clinical and epidemiological study of 43 cases.Ribeiro LA, Puorto G, Jorge MT.Toxicon. 1999 Jun;37(6):943-8.
[2] Carlos R. de Medeiros, Priscila L. Hess, Alessandra F. Nicoleti, Leticia R. Sueiro, Marcelo R. Duarte, Selma M. de Almeida-Santos, Francisco O.S. Franca, Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas patagoniensis: A clinical and epidemiological study of 297 cases, Toxicon, Volume 56, Issue 6, November 2010, Pages 1018-1024
